⸻ 1. Lipogenesis (fatty acid synthesis) (Scene: Mafalda is looking at a black

⸻ 1. Lipogenesis (fatty acid synthesis) (Scene: Mafalda is looking at a blackboard with the lipogenesis pathway. Manolito and Felipe observe it with doubtful faces.) Mafalda: Good, guys, Today I'm going to explain how our body makes fat. Manolito: Aha ! So therein lies the mystery of why churros stick to my stomach… Felipe: I need to understand this! Yes we learn it, maybe we can make it work the other way around. Mafalda: Calm down, philosopher! FIRST entiendan cómo se arma la grasa. It all starts with Acetyl-CoA, which is like a Lego piece with which fatty acids are built. Felipe: ok, and how do we turn it into something bigger? Mafalda: FIRST, an enzyme called Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase attaches CO₂ and transforms it into Malonyl-CoA. Manolito: ¡So lo engorda! Mafalda: Eh... more or less. Then the Fatty Acid Synthase comes into action, which is like a machine that sticks more units together until it forms a complete fatty acid. Felipe: And where does it get the energy for that?? Mafalda: Good question! Use NADPH, which works like the battery of this construction. Manolito: So, when we overeat, our body goes into “fat building mode” and stores it. Mafalda: Exactly, Manolito. And that's why excess sugar and carbohydrates end up turning into fat. Felipe: (sighing) I see...life is unfair. 2. lipolysis (Fat breakdown) (Scene: Now you are looking at another part of the blackboard with the lipolysis pathway.) Manolito: Good, Mafalda, I now understand how fat is made… Now tell me how I get rid of it! Mafalda: That's what lipolysis is for, which is the process in which our body breaks down fat when it needs to energy. Felipe: Aha ! And how does the “let's burn the fat” operation begin?? Mafalda: FIRST, a hormone like adrenaline or glucagon sends a message to fat cells telling them that it's time to release energy. Manolito: (highly strung) Adrenaline? What if I get scared, I burn fat? Mafalda: (laughing) something like that, but don't exaggerate. The hormone activates an enzyme called Adenylate Cyclase, which generates cyclic AMP and that activates Protein Kinase A. Felipe: This looks like a chain reaction! Mafalda: It is. Hormone-Sensitive Lipase kicks in and begins breaking down triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids. Manolito: ¡So la grasa se parte en pedacitos y se usa como combustible! Mafalda: Exact. Fatty acids travel through the blood thanks to albumin, until it reaches the cells that convert it into energy. Felipe: So, for this to happen, we have to expend more energy than we consume. Manolito: So it all comes down to not eating like we were vacuum cleaners! Mafalda: Good, it's not punishment either. Everything is balance: we need fat to live, but if we accumulate too much without using it, that's where the problems come in. Felipe: (sighing) How difficult it is to be an efficient organism! I want to give an image to this comic

⸻ 1 . Lipogenesis (fatty acid synthesis) (Scene: Mafalda is looking at a blackboard with the lipogenesis pathway . Manolito and Felipe observe it with doubtful faces . ) Mafalda: Good , guys , Today I'm going to explain how our body makes fat . Manolito: Aha ! So therein lies the mystery of why churros stick to my stomach… Felipe: I need to understand this ! Yes we learn it , maybe we can make it work the other way around . Mafalda: Calm down , philosopher ! FIRST entiendan cómo se arma la grasa . It all starts with Acetyl-CoA , which is like a Lego piece with which fatty acids are built . Felipe: ok , and how do we turn it into something bigger ? Mafalda: FIRST , an enzyme called Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase attaches CO₂ and transforms it into Malonyl-CoA . Manolito: ¡So lo engorda ! Mafalda: Eh ... more or less . Then the Fatty Acid Synthase comes into action , which is like a machine that sticks more units together until it forms a complete fatty acid . Felipe: And where does it get the energy for that ?? Mafalda: Good question ! Use NADPH , which works like the battery of this construction . Manolito: So , when we overeat , our body goes into “fat building mode” and stores it . Mafalda: Exactly , Manolito . And that's why excess sugar and carbohydrates end up turning into fat . Felipe: (sighing) I see ... life is unfair . 2 . lipolysis (Fat breakdown) (Scene: Now you are looking at another part of the blackboard with the lipolysis pathway . ) Manolito: Good , Mafalda , I now understand how fat is made… Now tell me how I get rid of it ! Mafalda: That's what lipolysis is for , which is the process in which our body breaks down fat when it needs to energy . Felipe: Aha ! And how does the “let's burn the fat” operation begin ?? Mafalda: FIRST , a hormone like adrenaline or glucagon sends a message to fat cells telling them that it's time to release energy . Manolito: (highly strung) Adrenaline ? What if I get scared , I burn fat ? Mafalda: (laughing) something like that , but don't exaggerate . The hormone activates an enzyme called Adenylate Cyclase , which generates cyclic AMP and that activates Protein Kinase A . Felipe: This looks like a chain reaction ! Mafalda: It is . Hormone-Sensitive Lipase kicks in and begins breaking down triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids . Manolito: ¡So la grasa se parte en pedacitos y se usa como combustible ! Mafalda: Exact . Fatty acids travel through the blood thanks to albumin , until it reaches the cells that convert it into energy . Felipe: So , for this to happen , we have to expend more energy than we consume . Manolito: So it all comes down to not eating like we were vacuum cleaners ! Mafalda: Good , it's not punishment either . Everything is balance: we need fat to live , but if we accumulate too much without using it , that's where the problems come in . Felipe: (sighing) How difficult it is to be an efficient organism ! I want to give an image to this comic

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Mar 18, 2025

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⸻ 1. Lipogenesis (fatty acid synthesis) (Scene: Mafalda is looking at a black

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